File:89C1-11
1. For Carter, having enough food, housing, clothing and education are
D. along with other issues - part of what he means by human rights.
This question tests the candidates' ability of reading for specific information. In the first paragraph, the writer states:
Our definition of human rights should not be too narrow. People have a right to fill vital economic needs - to be fed, housed, clothed, and educated. Civil and political rights must be protected - freedom of speech, thought, assembly, travel and participation in government. The rights of personal integrity are the most obvious of all - freedom from arbitrary arrest or imprisonment, torture or murder by one's own government
The first sentence is the topic sentence of the paragraph. The following sentences are the extension of the topic sentence, telling what he means by `human rights should not be too narrow.' Fulfilling economic needs is important: it is the basics. We have to go further: civil and political rights. But to Carter, the most important of all is to have the rights of the human integrity. Therefore, Option D is the answer.
2. When Carter talks of the need to `make some distinctions' (line 6-7), he is referring to his belief that
A. some abuses of human rights should be opposed more vigorously.
This question tests the candidates' ability of identifying the relative pronouns. In the opening of the second paragraph, the writer states:
Our humanity requires that we protect whenever violations of human rights occur anywhere, but our effectiveness in moving the world toward more humane treatment of people requires that we make some distinctions. Two noun clauses, introducing by the relative pronoun `that' refer to `humanity' and `how to obtain humanity in the world'; `make some distinctions' refers to Cater's belief that we have to protect against those who violate human rights.
3. Carter makes special mention of some doctors and lawyers because
C. he considers they have not always been true to their professional ideals.
This question tests the candidates' ability of reading for
specific information. In lines 11-13, the writer states:
Not only are the police and military officials practising or tolerating torture and murder, but there is strong evidence to suggest active collaboration of attorneys and physicians, a shameful perversion of professions sworn to justice and healing.
Carter first mentioned the police and military officials practising or tolerating torture and murder, but also attorneys(lawyers) and physicians(doctors) who collaborated to practise or tolerate torture or murder which was perverted to professions sworn to justice for attorneys and healing for physicians.
4. Carter's attitude towards human rights abuses in Latin America is one of
A. pleasure at their progressive and sympathy for their difficulties.
This question tests the candidates' ability of reading for
specific information. In lines 23-5, the writer states:
The sweep of democracy across Latin America in the last decade is a source of joy for all of us, but many of these new democrats are still fragile and face serious human rights dilemmas.
`A source of joy' suggests `pleasure; `still' suggests `it is a progress' and `fragile and face serious human rights dilemma' suggests `sympathy for their difficulties.
5. Carter describes Israel as
B. a mature democracy denying human rights in its occupational territories.
This question tests the candidates' ability of reading for
specific information. The writer states in lines 30-1:
Some Israeli leaders are eagerly seeking a peace agreement with their neighbours that would end human right abuses in its occupied territories.
`Seeking a peace agreement with their neighbours' is a mature way to solve the problems of human abuses. `Democracy' means `control of an organisation by its members who take part in making of decisions.' In the sixth paragraph, the attitude of Cater towards having existing human rights was negative: words to show Carter's negative attitude are: fragile, dilemmas, difficult, debt, poverty, homelessness, and starvation. However, Carter's change of viewpoints in using `eagerly seeking a peace agreement' suggests that Carter is positive towards these Israel leaders.
6. According to Carter, Israeli political leaders are
A. divided in their opinions about how to solve human rights problems.
This question tests the candidates' ability of reading for
specific information. In line 31, the writer states:
Others are not so concerned about this tragedy. As mentioned in Q5, some Israel leaders are seeking a peace agreement, but others are not so concerned. This suggests that the opinions of Israeli leaders are divided.
7. Carter mentions Europe to
C.emphasize his opposition to the use of capital punishment.
This question tests the candidates' ability of reading for
inference. In lines 32-3, the writer states:
The United States finds itself among a diminishing group of nations that imposes the death penalty on children.
And in lines 34-6, the writer states:
It is worth nothing that while our own resort to executions is on the increase, most countries of Western Europe have recently signed an international outlawing the death penalty.
`Diminishing group of nations' means `it is the minority'.
`Capital punishment' means `death penalty'. The concluding sentence agrees with the topic sentence of the paragraph: most countries in Western Europe also oppose the use of capital punishment.
8. Oppressors desire silence (line 48) because it enables them to
D. continue with policies that involve human rights abuses.
This question tests the candidates' ability of reading for
inference. In lines 46-7 , the writer states:
Our voice and our examples reverberate throughout the world. In line 48. the write states:
We must not be accomplices to those who commit human rights crimes.
These lines suggest that the silence from Washington is what the oppressors who abuse human rights desires. They wanted the abuse of human right continued.
9. The purpose of Carter's final sentence is to emphasize
C. the need for the U.S. to take the initiative in supporting the cause of human rights.
This question tests the candidates' ability of reading for
inference. In the last sentence, the writer states:
We must not be accomplices to those who commit human rights crimes.
`We' refers to Carter's government; `be accomplices' implies `accept the abuse of human rights'. Since other followed the example of the U.S. the Carter's government should take initiative to support the uphold of human rights.
10. Carter's attitude to his own country can be described as
B. critical of its lack of aggression in promoting human rights issues.
`Critical' suggests the positive and negative aspects. Throughout the essay, Carter points out two different aspects, therefore, his idea is critical.
¡@
11. Carter suggests that one immediate action that U.S. could take to strengthen its stand on human rights would be to
D. have his country ratify international treaties prohibiting torture.
This question tests the candidates' ability of reading for specific information. In lines 37-9, the writer states:
Together with other nations, we should continue to develop policies to compel South Africa to end apartheid. Present and former world leaders should join in a solemn effort to stop the practices of torture and forced disappearances. As a first step, the United States and other nations should ratify the UN and OAS treaties outlawing torture.
The U.S. asked to ratify treaties prohibiting torture.